Basics
Condition
Interior Color
Exterior Color
Drivetrain
Transmission
Fuel
Engine
VIN
Stock Number
Mileage
Features
Entertainment
Premium Sound System
Exterior
Alloy Wheels
Sunroof/Moonroof
Seating
Heated Seats
Memory Seat
Leather Seats
Convenience
Adaptive Cruise Control
Navigation System
Keyless Start
Heated Steering Wheel
Remote Start
USB Port
Safety
Automatic Emergency Braking
Backup Camera
Blind Spot Monitor
Brake Assist
Stability Control
Lane Departure Warning
Rear Cross Traffic Alert
Features
- 12V power outlets 3 12V power outlets
- 18' X 8' Machined-Finish Painted Alloy Wheels
- 3.6L V6 SIDI DOHC VVT Engine
- 8-Speed Automatic Transmission
- ABS Brakes 4-wheel antilock (ABS) brakes
- ABS Brakes Four channel ABS brakes
- Accessory power Retained accessory power
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Adaptive headlights Directionally adaptive headlights
- Air conditioning Yes
- All-in-one key All-in-one remote fob and ignition key
- Alternator Type Alternator
- Amplifier
- Android Auto
- Antenna Window grid audio antenna
- Apple CarPlay
- Armrests front center Front seat center armrest
- Audio theft deterrent TheftLock audio system theft deterrent
- Auto door locks Auto-locking doors
- Auto headlights Twilight Sentinel auto on/off headlight control
- Auto high-beam headlights Intellibeam auto high-beam headlights
- Auto-dimming door mirror driver Auto-dimming driver side mirror
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Aux input jack Auxiliary input jack
- Backup Camera
- Basic warranty 48 month/50
- 000 miles
- Battery charge warning
- Battery run down protection
- Battery type Lead acid battery
- Beverage holders Front beverage holders
- Beverage holders rear Rear beverage holders
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Blind spot Blind spot warning
- Body panels Galvanized steel/aluminum body panels with side impact beams
- Brake Assist
- Brake assist system
- Brake type Brembo 4-wheel disc brakes
- Bulb warning Bulb failure warning
- Bumper insert Chrome rear bumper insert
- Bumpers front Body-colored front bumper
- Bumpers rear Body-colored rear bumper
- Cabin air filter
- Cadillac CUE Info/media Control Radio with Embedded Navigation
- Capless fuel filler
- Cargo access Power cargo area access release
- Cargo floor type Carpet cargo area floor
- Cargo light Cargo area light
- Cargo tie downs Cargo area tie downs
- Climate control Automatic climate control
- Clock Digital clock
- Compass
- Concealed cargo storage Cargo area concealed storage
- Console insert material Piano black console insert
- Corrosion perforation warranty 72 month/unlimited
- Cruise control Cruise control with steering wheel mounted controls
- Cylinder head material Aluminum cylinder head
- Dashboard material Leatherette upholstered dashboard
- Day/Night rearview mirror
- Delay off headlights Delay-off headlights
- Digital signal processor Bose Surround Sound digital signal processor
- Distance alert Following distance alert
- Door ajar warning Rear cargo area ajar warning
- Door bins front Driver and passenger door bins
- Door handle material Chrome door handles
- Door locks Power door locks with 2 stage unlocking
- Door mirror style Body-colored door mirrors
- Door mirror type Standard style side mirrors
- Door mirrors Power door mirrors
- Door panel insert Aluminum door panel insert
- Door trim insert Leatherette door trim insert
- Drive type Rear-wheel drive
- Driver Assist Package
- Driver foot rest
- Driver information center
- Driver lumbar Driver seat with 2-way power lumbar
- Driver seat direction Driver seat with 12-way directional controls
- Driver side rear seat easy entry Manual driver side rear seat easy entry
- Dual Climate Control
- Dual-zone front climate control
- Electronic parking brake
- Electronic stability control StabiliTrak electronic stability control system
- Emergency SOS Capable Vehicle integrated emergency SOS system
- Emissions ULEV emissions
- Emissions tiers Tier 2 Bin 4 emissions
- Engine 3.6L V-6 gasoline direct injection
- DOHC
- VVT variable valve control
- regular unleaded
- engine with cylinder deactivation and 335HP
- Engine Configuration V6
- Engine Location Front mounted engine
- Engine Mounting direction Longitudinal mounted engine
- Engine Short 3.6L V-6 DOHC
- Engine block material Aluminum engine block
- Engine temperature warning
- Engine/electric motor temperature gauge
- Entertainment and Technology@1 Subwoofer
- Entertainment and Technology@11 Total speakers
- Entertainment and Technology@8 In. Infotainment screen size
- Entertainment and Technology@AM/FM Radio
- Entertainment and Technology@Android Auto Smartphone integration
- Entertainment and Technology@Apple CarPlay Smartphone integration
- Entertainment and Technology@Bluetooth Auxiliary audio input
- Entertainment and Technology@Bluetooth Wireless data link
- Entertainment and Technology@Bose Premium brand
- Entertainment and Technology@CUE Infotainment
- Entertainment and Technology@HD Radio Radio
- Entertainment and Technology@Hotspot Wi-Fi
- Entertainment and Technology@IPod/iPhone Auxiliary audio input
- Entertainment and Technology@Jack Auxiliary audio input
- Entertainment and Technology@Maintenance Status Smart device app function
- Entertainment and Technology@OnStar Satellite communications
- Entertainment and Technology@Radio data system
- Entertainment and Technology@SiriusXM Satellite radio
- Entertainment and Technology@Speed sensitive volume control
- Entertainment and Technology@Surround sound
- Entertainment and Technology@Touch Screen Display Navigation system
- Entertainment and Technology@Touch Screen Display Radio
- Entertainment and Technology@USB Auxiliary audio input
- Entertainment and Technology@Voice Guided Directions Satellite communications
- Entertainment and Technology@Voice Operated Electronic messaging assistance
- Entertainment and Technology@Voice Operated Navigation system
- Entertainment and Technology@Voice Operated Radio
- Entertainment and Technology@With Read Function Electronic messaging assistance
- Equalizer Automatic audio equalizer
- Exterior@Acoustic Windshield Laminated glass
- Exterior@Auto Delay Off Headlights
- Exterior@Auto High Beam Dimmer Headlights
- Exterior@Auto On/off Headlights
- Exterior@Chrome Grille color
- Exterior@Cornering Headlights
- Exterior@Driver Side Auto-dimming Side mirrors
- Exterior@Dual Tip Exhaust
- Exterior@Front And Rear Wheel locks
- Exterior@HID/Xenon Headlights
- Exterior@Heated Side mirrors
- Exterior@Integrated Turn Signals Side mirrors
- Exterior@Intermittent Front wipers
- Exterior@LED Daytime running lights
- Exterior@Manual Folding Side mirror adjustments
- Exterior@Metallic Door handle color
- Exterior@Polished Aluminum Alloy Wheels
- Exterior@Power Side mirror adjustments
- Exterior@Puddle Lamps Exterior entry lights
- Exterior@Rain Sensing Front wipers
- Exterior@Rear Window defogger
- Exterior@Run flat tires
- Exterior@Safety Reverse Power windows
- Exterior@Side Window defogger
- Exterior@Silver Window trim
- Exterior@Solar-tinted glass
- Exterior@Stainless Steel Exhaust tip color
- Exterior@Tire Pressure Monitoring System
- Exterior@Windshield Tinted glass
- External memory Cadillac CUE external memory control
- Federal Emissions Requirements
- First-row sunroof First-row sliding and tilting glass sunroof with express open/close activation sunshade
- First-row windows Power first-row windows
- Floor console Full floor console
- Floor console storage Covered floor console storage
- Floor coverage Full floor coverage
- Floor covering Full carpet floor covering
- Floor mats Carpet front and rear floor mats
- Fob engine controls Smart key with hands-free access and push button start
- Folding door mirrors Manual folding door mirrors
- Folding rear seats 60-40 folding rear seats
- Forward collision warning Forward collision mitigation
- Front Bucket Seats
- Front License Plate Bracket
- Front anti-roll Front anti-roll bar
- Front head restraint control Manual front seat head restraint control
- Front head restraints Height and tilt adjustable front seat head restraints
- Front impact airbag driver Driver front impact airbag
- Front impact airbag passenger Passenger front impact airbag
- Front passenger lumbar Front passenger seat with 2-way power lumbar
- Front reading lights
- Front seat type Sport front bucket seats
- Front seat upholstery Leather front seat upholstery
- Front seatback upholstery Leatherette front seatback upholstery
- Front side impact airbag driver Seat mounted side impact driver airbag
- Front side impact airbag passenger Seat mounted side impact front passenger airbag
- Fuel Type Regular unleaded
- Fuel door lock Power fuel door lock
- Garage door opener
- Gearshifter material Leather and metal-look gear shifter material
- Glove box Illuminated locking glove box
- Grille style Chrome grille
- Handsfree Bluetooth handsfree wireless device connectivity
- Head up display Head-up display
- Head-Up Display
- Headlight type Projector beam headlights
- Headlights High-intensity discharge low and high beam headlights
- Headlights on reminder
- Headliner coverage Full headliner coverage
- Headliner material Cloth headliner material
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Heated door mirrors Heated driver and passenger side door mirrors
- Heated front seats Heated driver and front passenger seats
- Heated steering wheel
- High mount stop light High mounted center stop light
- Hill start assist
- Ignition Spark ignition system
- Ignition type Push-button
- Illuminated entry
- Illuminated glove box
- Illuminated ignition switch
- Immobilizer
- Instrumentation display Analog instrumentation display
- Integrated navigation Integrated navigation system with voice activation
- Interior 120V AC power outlets 1 interior 120V AC power outlet
- Interior accents Chrome and metal-look interior accents
- Interior courtesy lights Fade interior courtesy lights
- Interior@12 Passenger seat power adjustments
- Interior@12V Front Power outlet(s)
- Interior@12V Rear Power outlet(s)
- Interior@14 Driver seat power adjustments
- Interior@2 Driver Memorized settings
- Interior@2 One-touch windows
- Interior@5.7 In. Instrument cluster screen size
- Interior@Adaptive cruise control
- Interior@Air filtration
- Interior@Alloy Shift knob trim
- Interior@Aluminum Foot pedal trim
- Interior@Audio Steering wheel mounted controls
- Interior@Auto-dimming Rearview mirror
- Interior@Automatic Climate Control Front air conditioning
- Interior@Bench Rear seat
- Interior@Bucket Front seat
- Interior@Capless fuel filler system
- Interior@Cargo area light
- Interior@Carpet Floor mat material
- Interior@Carpet Floor material
- Interior@Compass
- Interior@Cruise Control Steering wheel mounted controls
- Interior@Cruise control
- Interior@Customizable instrument cluster
- Interior@Door Courtesy lights
- Interior@Driver Seat Memorized settings
- Interior@Dual Front air conditioning zones
- Interior@Dual Illuminating Vanity mirrors
- Interior@External temperature display
- Interior@Front Console With Armrest And Storage Center console
- Interior@Front Cupholders
- Interior@Front Floor mats
- Interior@Front Overhead console
- Interior@Front Reading lights
- Interior@Front Seatback Storage
- Interior@Front Wireless charging station
- Interior@Garage Door Opener Universal remote transmitter
- Interior@Head-up display
- Interior@Heated Driver seat
- Interior@Heated Passenger seat
- Interior@Heated steering wheel
- Interior@Height Driver seat power adjustments
- Interior@Height Passenger seat power adjustments
- Interior@Leather Shift knob trim
- Interior@Leather Steering wheel trim
- Interior@Leather Upholstery
- Interior@Lumbar Driver seat power adjustments
- Interior@Lumbar Passenger seat power adjustments
- Interior@MPG Fuel economy display
- Interior@Maintenance Due Warnings and reminders
- Interior@Multi-function Steering wheel mounted controls
- Interior@Multi-function display
- Interior@Paddle Shifter Steering wheel mounted controls
- Interior@Panic Alarm Multi-function remote
- Interior@Phone Steering wheel mounted controls
- Interior@Power Tilt And Telescopic Steering wheel
- Interior@Proximity Entry System Multi-function remote
- Interior@Push-button start
- Interior@Range Fuel economy display
- Interior@Rear Cupholders
- Interior@Rear Floor mats
- Interior@Rear Reading lights
- Interior@Reclining Driver seat power adjustments
- Interior@Reclining Passenger seat power adjustments
- Interior@Remote engine start/cabin preconditioning
- Interior@Second Row Center console
- Interior@Second Row Rear vents
- Interior@Semi-automatic Adaptive stop and go cruise control
- Interior@Side Mirrors Memorized settings
- Interior@Simulated Alloy Center console trim
- Interior@Simulated Alloy Dash trim
- Interior@Split Rear seat folding
- Interior@Tachometer Gauge
- Interior@Tilt And Telescopic Steering wheel
- Interior@Trunk Release Multi-function remote
- Interior@Variable/speed-proportional Power steering
- Interior@Voice Control Steering wheel mounted controls
- Internet access OnStar 4G LTE mobile hotspot internet access
- Key in vehicle warning
- Keyfob cargo controls Keyfob trunk control
- Keyfob keyless entry
- Keyfob remote start
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Knee airbag Driver and passenger side knee airbag
- LED brake lights
- Laminated window Laminated side window glass
- Lane Departure Warning
- Lane departure Lane Keep Assist
- Leather Seats
- License plate front bracket Front license plate bracket
- Lock-up transmission
- Low level warnings Low level warning for oil
- fuel
- washer fluid and brake fluid
- Low tire pressure warning Tire specific low air pressure warning
- Maintenance warranty 36 month/36
- 000 miles
- Manual driver seat controls Driver seat manual cushion extension
- Manual passenger seat controls Passenger seat manual cushion extension
- Memory Seat
- Memory settings Memory settings include: door mirrors
- Navigation System
- Noise cancellation Active noise cancellation
- Number of airbags 8 airbags
- Number of door entry light(s) 2 door entry light(s)
- Number of doors 2 doors
- Number of first-row screens 2 total number of 1st row displays
- Number of memory settings 2 memory settings
- Occupancy sensor Airbag occupancy sensor
- Oil pressure warning
- One-touch down window Driver and passenger one-touch down windows
- One-touch up window Driver and passenger one-touch up windows
- Overdrive transmission
- Overhead airbags Curtain first and second-row overhead airbags
- Overhead console Mini overhead console
- Paint Non-metallic paint
- Panel insert Aluminum instrument panel insert
- Parking sensors Ultrasonic front and rear parking sensors
- Passenger seat direction Front passenger seat with 10-way directional controls
- Passenger side rear seat easy entry Manual passenger side rear seat easy entry
- Performance@Auto start/stop
- Performance@Battery saver
- Performance@Cylinder deactivation
- Performance@Double Ball Joint Front suspension
- Performance@Drive mode selector
- Performance@Front stabilizer bar
- Performance@Independent Front suspension classification
- Performance@Independent Rear suspension classification
- Performance@MacPherson Front struts
- Performance@Multi-link Rear suspension
- Performance@Rear stabilizer bar
- Performance@Sport Tuned suspension
- Performance@Twin-tube Gas Front shock
- Performance@Twin-tube Gas Rear shock
- Perimeter approach lighting Remote activated perimeter approach lighting
- Power Driver Seat
- Power driver seat controls Driver seat power reclining
- lumbar support
- seatback side bolster support
- cushion tilt
- fore/aft control and height adjustable control
- Power passenger seat controls Passenger seat power reclining
- lumbar support
- cushion tilt
- fore/aft control and height adjustable control
- Powertrain type ICE
- Powertrain warranty 72 month/70
- 000 miles
- Premium Sound System
- Primary display size 8 inch primary display
- RDS Radio data system (RDS)
- Radiator
- Radio AM/FM/digital/SiriusXMsatellite
- Rain Sensing Front Wipers
- Rain detecting wipers Rainsense rain detecting wipers
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Rear Springs Regular grade rear springs
- Rear anti-roll Rear anti-roll bar
- Rear camera Rear mounted camera
- Rear cargo door Trunk
- Rear collision warning Rear collision mitigation
- Rear console climate control ducts
- Rear head restraint control 2 rear seat head restraints
- Rear head restraint control Manual rear seat head restraint control
- Rear head restraints Height adjustable rear seat head restraints
- Rear reading lights
- Rear seat direction Front facing rear seat
- Rear seat folding position Fold forward rear seatback
- Rear seat upholstery Leather rear seat upholstery
- Rear seatback upholstery Carpet rear seatback upholstery
- Rear seats Rear bench seat
- Rear seats fixed or removable Fixed rear seats
- Rear under seat ducts Rear under seat climate control ducts
- Rear window defroster
- Rear windshield Fixed rear windshield
- Rearview mirror Auto-dimming rear view mirror
- Remote panic alarm
- Restricted driving mode/alerts Teen Driver restricted driving mode/alerts
- Roadside warranty 72 month/70
- 000 miles
- Rocker panel extensions
- Running lights Daytime running lights
- Safety and Security@4-wheel ABS
- Safety and Security@Alarm Anti-theft system
- Safety and Security@Anti-lockout Power door locks
- Safety and Security@Anti-tow Sensor Anti-theft system
- Safety and Security@Audible Warning Pre-collision warning system
- Safety and Security@Auto-locking Power door locks
- Safety and Security@Braking assist
- Safety and Security@Brembo Premium brakes
- Safety and Security@Dual Front Knee airbags
- Safety and Security@Dual Front airbags
- Safety and Security@Electronic brakeforce distribution
- Safety and Security@Electronic parking brake
- Safety and Security@Emergency braking preparation
- Safety and Security@Front Automatic emergency braking
- Safety and Security@Front Emergency locking retractors
- Safety and Security@Front Parking sensors
- Safety and Security@Front Seatbelt force limiters
- Safety and Security@Front Seatbelt pretensioners
- Safety and Security@Front Seatbelt warning sensor
- Safety and Security@Front Side airbags
- Safety and Security@Front Side curtain airbags
- Safety and Security@In Dash Rearview monitor
- Safety and Security@LATCH System Child seat anchors
- Safety and Security@Lane deviation sensors
- Safety and Security@Lane keeping assist
- Safety and Security@Occupant Sensing Passenger Airbag deactivation
- Safety and Security@Power brakes
- Safety and Security@Programmable safety key
- Safety and Security@Rear Automatic emergency braking
- Safety and Security@Rear Cross traffic alert
- Safety and Security@Rear Parking sensors
- Safety and Security@Rear Side curtain airbags
- Safety and Security@Rearview Camera system
- Safety and Security@Sensor/alert Blind spot safety
- Safety and Security@Stability control
- Safety and Security@Traction control
- Safety and Security@Vehicle Immobilizer Anti-theft system
- Safety and Security@Ventilated Disc Front brake
- Safety and Security@Ventilated Disc Rear brake
- Safety and Security@Vibrating Driver Seat Pre-collision warning system
- Safety and Security@Visual Warning Pre-collision warning system
- Satellite trial 3 month satellite trial subscription
- Seatback storage pockets 2 seatback storage pockets
- Seatbelt pretensioners Front seatbelt pretensioners
- Seatbelt pretensioners number 2 seatbelt pre-tensioners
- Seating capacity 4
- Second-row windows Fixed second-row windows
- Security system
- Seek scan
- Selectable mode transmission
- Sequential shift control Sequential shift with steering wheel controls
- Service interval warning Service interval indicator
- Shock absorbers Gas-pressurized shock absorbers
- Shutters Active grille shutters
- Smart device integration Apple CarPlay/Android Auto smart device mirroring
- Speakers Bose Surround Sound speakers
- Speakers number 12 speakers
- Special paint Monotone paint
- Speed sensitive steering Speed sensitive power steering
- Speed sensitive volume
- Speedometer Redundant digital speedometer
- Split front seats Bucket front seats
- Sport pedals Sport style pedals
- Sport steering wheel
- Springs front Front coil springs
- Springs rear Rear coil springs
- Stability Control
- Start-stop engine Auto stop-start engine
- Steering Electric power-assist steering system
- Steering mounted audio control Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Steering type Rack-pinion steering
- Steering wheel material Leather and piano black steering wheel
- Steering wheel telescopic Power telescopic steering wheel
- Steering wheel tilt Power tilting steering wheel
- Sun visor strip
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Suspension Sport ride suspension
- Suspension ride type front Independent front suspension
- Suspension ride type rear Independent rear suspension
- Suspension type front Strut front suspension
- Suspension type rear Multi-link rear suspension
- Tachometer
- Tailpipe Stainless steel quasi-dual exhaust with polished tailpipe finisher
- Temperature display Exterior temperature display
- Tinted windows Light tinted windows
- Tires P225/40HR18 run-flat AS BSW front tires and P255/35HR18 run-flat AS BSW rear tires
- Traction Control
- Traction control All-speed ABS and driveline traction control
- Transmission 8-speed automatic
- Transmission Type Automatic
- Transmission electronic control
- Transmission fluid temperature warning Transmission fluid temp warning
- Trip computer
- Trip odometer
- Trunk lid trim Carpet trunk lid trim
- Turn signal in door mirrors Turn signal indicator in door mirrors
- Turn signal warning Turn signal on warning
- Turn-by-turn nav OnStar Turn-by-Turn Navigation
- USB Port
- USB ports 3 USB ports
- Variable intake manifold
- Variable panel light Variable instrument panel light
- Vehicle tracker Vehicle tracker with vehicle slowdown
- Ventilated brakes Front and rear ventilated disc brakes
- Visor driver mirror Driver visor mirror
- Visor illuminated driver mirror Illuminated driver visor mirror
- Visor illuminated passenger mirror Illuminated passenger visor mirror
- Visor passenger mirror Passenger visor mirror
- Voice activated audio Cadillac CUE voice activated audio controls
- Voltmeter
- WIFI Hotspot
- Wheel locks Wheel security locks
- Wheels 18 x 8-inch front and rear machined w/painted accents aluminum wheels
- Window Trim Chrome side window trim
- Wipers Variable intermittent front windshield wipers
- Wireless device charging Front wireless smart device charging
- Wireless streaming Bluetooth wireless audio streaming
Seller's Comments
Experience premium driving with this 2017 Cadillac ATS Premium Performance Coupe, a sleek Black Raven beauty that combines style, technology, and safety. With just over 40,000 miles, this used vehicle offers a spirited 3.6-liter V6 engine delivering 335 horsepower and 285 lb-ft of torque, paired with an automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive for a responsive, engaging ride. The sophisticated package includes advanced driver-assist features like adaptive cruise control, collision warning, and blind spot monitoring, all integrated into the Driver Assist Package. Inside, enjoy leather seats with memory settings, heated comfort, a heads-up display, and a premium audio system with 11 speakers. Apple CarPlay, Bluetooth, navigation, satellite radio, WiFi hotspot, wireless charging, and a backup camera make every drive connected and convenient. Xenon headlights and a full-color head-up display add to the premium experience, while keyless entry and push start simplify your daily routines. This coupe is equipped with a comprehensive suite of safety features designed to protect and assist. The vehicle includes automatic emergency braking at the rear, Brembo premium brakes, dual front knee airbags, and front and rear parking sensors for precise maneuvering. Four-wheel ABS and an anti-theft system with anti-tow sensors enhance security, complemented by emergency braking preparation, power door locks with auto-locking, and anti-lockout systems. The combination of these features provides peace of mind and confidence on every journey, making this Cadillac ATS a smart choice for safety-conscious drivers. 2017 CADILLAC ATS Safety and Security Features This model is equipped with automatic emergency braking at the rear, Brembo premium brakes, dual front knee airbags, and front and rear parking sensors. It features four-wheel ABS, an anti-theft system with anti-tow sensors, emergency braking preparation, power door locks with auto-locking, and anti-lockout capabilities. These features work together to enhance safety and security, providing comprehensive protection for all occupants. 2017 CADILLAC ATS Entertainment and Technology Features The vehicle boasts an 8-inch infotainment touchscreen with HD radio, touch screen display, and voice-operated radio controls. Surround sound from 11 speakers, a subwoofer, and auxiliary USB input ensure high-quality audio. Electronic messaging assistance with voice control and read functions keep you connected while on the move, making every drive enjoyable and convenient. 2017 CADILLAC ATS Performance Features This coupe features auto start/stop technology and cylinder deactivation to optimize fuel efficiency. Its tuned sport suspension enhances handling and ride quality, delivering a dynamic driving experience that combines comfort with agility. These performance features make the ATS not just stylish but also capable and fun to drive.
View MoreDealerRater Disclaimer: The information on vehicles provided in this service is supplied by the seller or other third parties; DealerRater is not responsible for the accuracy of such information. DealerRater provides this service and materials without representations or warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied.
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